The residue contains the turning points that do not satisfy the Rainflow algorithm. The residue is generally a zigzag curve with ascending and descending amplitudes. In particular, if univariate collectives such as peak values are to be extracted from the Rainflow matrix, the residue should be included in the matrix.

FlexPro offers several algorithms to handle the residues [1, 2].

In service life calculations, the residual can generally be neglected if a large number of oscillation cycles (closed hysteresis) occur. Otherwise, the residual should be included in the calculation, as the half cycles stored as residual can contribute to the damage [3].

References

[1] de Jonge, J.B. (1980). (1980). Counting Methods for the Analysis of Load Time Histories. NLR Memorandum SB-80-106 U

[2] ASTM E1049-85(2017). Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis. STM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017

[3] FVA 131 IV (2010 edition). ZÄHLVERFAHREN ZUR BILDUNG VON KOLLEKTIVEN UND MATRIZEN AUS ZEITFUNKTIONEN (COUNTING METHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF COLLECTIVES AND MATRICES FROM TIME FUNCTIONS). FVA Guideline. FVA Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V (Research Association for Drive Technology)